With the potential for avian influenza to transmit and spread amongst humans, an effective vaccine to increase pandemic preparedness is a global priority. Charlotte Barker, Editor, Vaccine Insights, speaks with Mathilde Richard, Principal Investigator & Associate Professor at Erasmus MC, about investigating antigenic evolution of avian influenza viruses, developing better vaccines, and the need for proactive measures to ensure global preparedness in the face of evolving influenza threats.